The Eastern Cordillera of southern Peru is a significant and prominent geographic feature that plays a vital role in the ecology, climate and cultural identity of the region. Characterized by its rugged terrain and dramatic elevations, this mountain range stretches across different provinces, creating a diverse landscape that includes a range of ecosystems from alpine grasslands to cloud forests. The Eastern Cordillera acts as a natural barrier that affects the weather and affects agricultural practices and water resources in the surrounding areas.

In addition, the area is home to a rich array of biodiversity that supports numerous endemic species that thrive in its unique habitats. This ecological wealth is complemented by the presence of indigenous communities who have inhabited these highlands for centuries, cultivating a deep-rooted connection to the land and its resources. The Eastern Cordillera is not only a physical but also a cultural monument, serving as a backdrop for traditional practices, rituals and folklore that are passed down from generation to generation.

In terms of geological significance, the Eastern Cordillera are part of the Andes mountain system, which has undergone extensive tectonic activity over millions of years, resulting in its current form. This geological history contributes to the rich mineral deposits found in the area, which have implications for both the local economy and environmental management. The interplay between the natural environment and human activities in the Eastern Cordillera of southern Peru underscores the importance of sustainable practices that respect both the ecological integrity and cultural heritage of the region.